Archetecture 101: Discovering the World of Architecture from History to Modern Times

Architecture has been a cornerstone of human civilization for thousands of years, with ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians and Greeks building monumental structures that still inspire awe today.

The Great Pyramid of Giza, built around 2580 BC, is one of the most impressive examples of ancient architecture, standing at an astonishing 481 feet tall.

The Romans, on the other hand, made significant contributions to architecture with their use of arches, domes, and vaults, which allowed for the construction of grand structures like the Colosseum.

The Colosseum, built in the 1st century AD, could hold up to 50,000 spectators, making it one of the largest amphitheaters in the Roman Empire.

In architecture, a facade is the exterior of a building, including its walls, windows, and doors. It's the first thing people notice when they see a building.

A facade can be made of many different materials, such as brick, stone, or glass. Some facades are designed to be very decorative, while others are more functional.

A building's facade can also be used to control the amount of sunlight that enters the building. For example, a building with large windows on the south side can let in plenty of sunlight during the winter months when the sun is lower in the sky.

In some cases, a building's facade can be designed to be a work of art in itself. This is often the case with buildings that are considered landmarks or have a lot of historical significance.

A facade can also be used to make a building look more interesting or unique. This can be done by using unusual shapes or materials, or by adding decorative elements such as carvings or moldings.

In some cases, a building's facade can be designed to be very green, with living plants or trees incorporated into the design. This can help to reduce the building's carbon footprint and make it more sustainable.

A building's facade can also be used to control the amount of wind that enters the building. For example, a building with a wind-resistant facade can help to reduce the amount of wind noise and make the building feel more comfortable.

In some cases, a building's facade can be designed to be very simple and minimalist. This can be done by using a limited number of materials and avoiding decorative elements.

A building's facade can also be used to make a building look more welcoming or inviting. This can be done by using warm colors or materials, or by adding decorative elements such as lighting or planters.

Vernacular architecture is all about using local materials and construction methods to create buildings that fit in with their surroundings. This approach has been used worldwide, from stone construction in Scotland to bamboo construction in tropical regions.

Some notable types of vernacular architecture include stone construction, wood/log cabins, mud brick adobe and rammed earth construction, stilt houses, bamboo construction, thatch roofing, wattle and daub, and yurts, tents, and igloos. Each of these types has its own unique characteristics and is adapted to the local climate, materials, and cultural practices.

Here are some examples of vernacular architecture types:

Neo-Vernacular architecture blends traditional forms and local materials with modern materials and techniques for improved durability and energy efficiency.

This approach prioritizes sustainability and resilience, making it a great option for building in areas with harsh climates or limited resources.

Vernacular architecture is deeply rooted in local customs, materials, and climate-specific design, reflecting the culture and environment of a specific region.

It's a unique way to create buildings that are tailored to the specific needs and conditions of their surroundings.

Neo-Vernacular architecture preserves local heritage by incorporating traditional forms and materials, creating a sense of continuity between past and present.

This approach allows builders to create buildings that are both rooted in tradition and responsive to modern demands.

Vernacular architecture differs from traditional architecture in that it's not tied to historical styles or methods, but rather to local conditions and materials.

Traditional architecture, on the other hand, may incorporate historical styles and methods passed down through generations, but it's not necessarily tied to local conditions or materials.

Vernacular architecture is all about using local materials and traditional construction techniques to create structures that blend in with the surrounding landscape. This approach emphasizes sustainability and harmony with the environment.

Vernacular architecture often utilizes locally sourced materials, climate-responsive design, and integration with the landscape to create buildings that harmonize with their surroundings.

A key characteristic of Neo-Vernacular architecture is the blending of traditional forms, local materials, and regional construction methods with modern materials and techniques. This approach prioritizes sustainability and resilience.

Contemporary architecture often incorporates vernacular elements to create modern and contextually relevant designs. These elements include locally sourced materials, climate-responsive design, and integration with the landscape.

Brutalist architecture, on the other hand, is characterized by raw concrete or masonry, a limited palette of materials, and the use of enduring construction elements like stone or concrete.

Here are some typical characteristics of Brutalist architecture:

Vernacular architecture is incredibly diverse, reflecting local climates, materials, and cultural practices. It's found worldwide in different forms, from crofts to castles and ancient ruins.

Stone construction is a notable type, using local stone for its durability and natural insulation. You can see examples of this in many parts of the world.

Wood/log cabins are simple, sturdy shelters built from locally available timber, commonly found in forested regions. They're a great example of how vernacular architecture adapts to local environments.

Mud brick adobe and rammed earth construction uses sun-dried bricks made from mud and straw, known for its thermal efficiency and prevalent in arid climates. This technique is a great way to stay cool in hot temperatures.

Stilt houses are elevated on stilts to avoid flooding and pests, common in regions with heavy rainfall or tidal influences. I've seen pictures of these houses and they're quite impressive.

Bamboo construction is a sustainable, flexible, and strong material used extensively in tropical regions for housing and other structures. It's a great example of how vernacular architecture can be environmentally friendly.

Here are some of the different types of vernacular architecture mentioned earlier:

Brutalist architecture is a style that doesn't have a rigid set of rules, and it's not afraid to mix things up. It can be found in both symmetrical and asymmetrical forms.

The Geisel Library in San Diego, designed by William Pereira in 1970, is a great example of brutalist architecture's symmetrical side. The building's angled support pillars and crowning summit are truly mesmerizing.

Asymmetry is also a key feature of brutalist design, as seen in Janko Kostantinov's post office and telecommunications center in Macedonia, finished in 1981. This funky building's curves are ahead of their time.

Brutalist architecture's willingness to experiment with different forms has helped it endure and even experience a renaissance of renewed appreciation.

Urban canyons present both design challenges and opportunities to transform confined spaces into vibrant, functional environments.

Narrow alleyways can be found in many urban areas, and designers must consider how to make the most of these spaces. Narrow urban canyons can be transformed into vibrant, functional environments.

Designing with narrow spaces requires careful consideration of the layout and use of the space. This can be done by incorporating vertical elements, such as green walls or trellises, to maximize space and create a sense of depth.

Urban canyons can be found in many cities, and designers are finding creative ways to make the most of these spaces.